Science & Technology

AI in synthetic biology? Doctoral student says 'opportunities are endless'

Megan Maneval — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 18:38:42 +0000

AI in synthetic biology? Doctoral student says 'opportunities are endless' Megan Maneval Wed, 04/23/2025 - 12:38

College of Engineering and Applied Science

Carolus Vitalis, a doctoral student and National Science Foundation fellow who has co-authored several book chapters in synthetic biology, was one of the speakers at this year’s TEDxCU event. His talk discussed the pros and cons of artificial intelligence in the field of synthetic biology.

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Senior project aims to keep bomb squads out of harm's way

Elizabeth Lock — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 16:57:16 +0000

Senior project aims to keep bomb squads out of harm's way Elizabeth Lock Wed, 04/23/2025 - 10:57

A group of mechanical engineering seniors is working to keep bomb squads safe by designing an automated X-ray device used to help explosive ordnance disposal technicians scan for hazardous materials.

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Don't fear the fungi

Megan Maneval — Tue, 22 Apr 2025 16:10:50 +0000

Don't fear the fungi Megan Maneval Tue, 04/22/2025 - 10:10

Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine

CU �鶹ӰԺ mycologist Alisha Quandt says there's little reason to fear a fungi-zombie apocalypse like the one imagined in the HBO hit TV series "The Last of Us."

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Quantum technique could transform remote sensing, infrastructure monitoring

Elizabeth Lock — Fri, 18 Apr 2025 17:22:08 +0000

Quantum technique could transform remote sensing, infrastructure monitoring Elizabeth Lock Fri, 04/18/2025 - 11:22

A team of CU �鶹ӰԺ researchers has introduced a quantum sensing technique that could lead to improvements in how we monitor infrastructure, detect changes in the environment and conduct geophysical studies.

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The coolest technology in the universe

Megan Maneval — Fri, 18 Apr 2025 16:24:47 +0000

The coolest technology in the universe Megan Maneval Fri, 04/18/2025 - 10:24

Infleqtion’s star continues to rise as Colorado’s quantum hub grows. The company of firsts, spun out of CU �鶹ӰԺ as ColdQuanta, seems to be everywhere these days, including outer space.

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New study shines light on student perceptions of quantum industry

Megan Maneval — Fri, 18 Apr 2025 12:31:50 +0000

New study shines light on student perceptions of quantum industry Megan Maneval Fri, 04/18/2025 - 06:31

College of Arts and Sciences

Much attention on the "quantum revolution" has focused on the burgeoning industry, but a recent study by physics education researchers explores what students think about entering the quantum industry.

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New quantum 'game' showcases promise of quantum computers

Daniel William Strain — Thu, 17 Apr 2025 22:07:04 +0000

New quantum 'game' showcases promise of quantum computers Daniel William… Thu, 04/17/2025 - 16:07

Daniel Strain

Imagine the tiniest game of checkers in the world—one played by using lasers to precisely shuffle around ions across a very small grid.

That’s the idea behind a recent study published in the journal Physical Review Letters. A team of theoretical physicists from Colorado designed a new type of quantum “game” that scientists can play on a real quantum computer—or a device that manipulates small objects, such as atoms, to perform calculations.

The researchers even tested their game out on one such device, the Quantinuum System Model H1 Quantum Computer developed by the company Quantinuum. The study is a collaboration between scientists at the �鶹ӰԺ and Quantinuum, which is based in Broomfield, Colorado.

Quantinuum's System Model H1 Quantum Computer runs off a chip that can fit in the palm of your hand. (Credit: Quantinuum)

The findings highlight just a slice of what these devices may be capable of, said study co-author Rahul Nandkishore.

“Small-scale quantum devices are rapidly coming online,” said Nandkishore, associate professor in the Department of Physics at CU �鶹ӰԺ. “That really prompts the question: ‘What are they good for?’”

Why quantum?

The answer: A lot, potentially.

Scientists believe that quantum computers could one day perform a range of tasks with a speed that’s unheard of today—such as discovering new drugs to treat human illnesses or exploring how atoms and electrons interact at very small scales.

But building a quantum computer that works as desired isn’t an easy goal. Unlike your home laptop, which runs on bits, or switches that flip to either zero or one, quantum computers hinge on a concept called qubits. Qubits, which can be made from atoms or other small objects, take on values of zero, one, or through the strangeness of quantum physics, both simultaneously.

Qubits are also notoriously difficult to control, said study co-author David Stephen, a physicist at Quantinuum.

To explore a new way of lassoing these quantum entities, the research assembled a network of qubits into what physicists call a “topological” phase of matter—a bit like a clump of very small knots. That arrangement allowed the team to play a simple mathematical game without disrupting the quantum computer in the process, a major challenge for this kind of technology.

“In principle, there was nothing too surprising about this experiment. It worked exactly as we thought it would, in theory,” Stephen said. “But the fact that it did work so well can be seen as a benchmark for this quantum computer.”

Rahul Nandkishore

Reading minds

Quantum games have been around for a long time, Nandkishore added, and even predate the world’s first quantum computer. They are mathematical exercises that allow scientists to explore some of the more out-there possibilities of quantum physics, which can also be tested experimentally.

Physicist David Mermin popularized the idea of quantum games in 1990. In a typical quantum game, two or more hypothetical human players receive prompts, then take turns filling out a grid with the numbers zero and one. (Picture something a little like sudoku). The players “win” the game if their arrangement of zeros and ones completes a certain mathematical pattern.

There’s just one problem, Nandkishore said. They players have to sit in different rooms. And they aren’t telepathic.

“They can agree on whatever strategy they want in advance, but they can’t communicate during the game,” said study co-author Oliver Hart, a postdoctoral associate in physics at CU �鶹ӰԺ. “It’s relatively straightforward to show that there’s no strategy that wins the game with certainty.”

Which is where quantum physics comes in.

Mermin proposed that, in theory, you could give each player one of a collection of entangled particles. Entangled particles have interacted in such a way that measuring one will affect the outcome of measuring the other. That’s true even if the particles are separated, say in the next room (or next city) over. In a quantum game, players can use these correlations to coordinate their answers. It’s a feat so seemingly improbable that scientists nicknamed it quantum “pseudotelepathy.”

In practice, entangling particles inside a quantum computer, isn’t so simple.

Even the slightest disturbance, such as a minute increase in temperature, can snap the link between two particles. Those sorts of errors only stack up the more qubits you add to a quantum computer.

Quantum knotwork

Nandkishore and his colleagues wanted to play quantum games in a different way—one that might be easier to win in the real world.

To do that, the group turned to Quantinuum’s System Model H1. This device runs off a chip that can fit in the palm of your hand. It employs lasers to control a collection of as many as 20 qubits (in this case, ytterbium ions trapped above the surface of the chip).

In the current study, the researchers sent the computer commands online. They arranged the ytterbium ions into a two-dimensional grid so that they generated an unusual quantum structure: Instead of having just two or three ions that were entangled, the entire collection of ions exhibited an underlying pattern of entanglement, a “topological” order. It’s almost as if the qubits had tied themselves into knots.

And those knots, Nandkishore said, aren’t easy to unravel.

“We have order that's associated with this global pattern of entanglement across the whole system,” he said. “If you make a local disturbance, it shouldn’t mess it up.”

The researchers took on the role of quantum game players and experimented with making measurements of various qubits inside H1-1. They showed that they were able to achieve quantum pseudotelepathy, and win the game, roughly 95% of the time or more. The researchers were able to win the game consistently even when they added outside disturbances and additional hypothetical players measuring additional qubits.

Nandkishore noted that, on its own, the team’s game probably won’t solve any real-world problems. But it reveals that today’s quantum computers may already be able to grow bigger without losing their edge, at least in a few cases.

“This study is proof of principle that there is something that quantum devices can already do that outperforms the best available classical strategy, and in a way that’s robust and scalable,” he said.

Beyond the story

Our quantum impact by the numbers:

60-plus years as the regional epicenter for quantum research
4 Nobel prizes in physics awarded to university researchers
No. 11 quantum physics program in the nation and co-leader on the new Quantum Incubator facility

Follow CU �鶹ӰԺ on LinkedIn

A team of physicists from CU �鶹ӰԺ teamed up with a group from the Colorado-based company Quantinuum to show how devices called quantum computers can outcompete traditional computers—at least, in some circumstances.

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CU �鶹ӰԺ shines for World Quantum Day in Colorado

Megan Maneval — Tue, 15 Apr 2025 17:23:46 +0000

CU �鶹ӰԺ shines for World Quantum Day in Colorado Megan Maneval Tue, 04/15/2025 - 11:23

CU �鶹ӰԺ has made the most of the last year of advances in quantum science and technology. World Quantum Day is a worldwide initiative to promote the public understanding of quantum science and technology around the world.

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Who has the influence to curb gender bias in STEM?

Megan Maneval — Tue, 08 Apr 2025 16:38:31 +0000

Who has the influence to curb gender bias in STEM? Megan Maneval Tue, 04/08/2025 - 10:38

Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine

Charlotte Moser studies how allyship in male-dominated fields influences workplace culture. Her findings reveal an unsettling but potentially useful truth.

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Dams’ failures intensified flood tragedy in Libya

Megan Maneval — Thu, 03 Apr 2025 20:48:16 +0000

Dams’ failures intensified flood tragedy in Libya Megan Maneval Thu, 04/03/2025 - 14:48

CIRES

Researchers analyzed satellite data and models to find dam failures—not rainfall—led to increased flood damage in Derna, Libya, in 2023.

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Science & Technology

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