Lackey, Greg听1听;听Rajaram, Harihar听2听;听Sherwood, Owen听3听;听Burke, Troy听4听;Ryan, Joseph听5
1听Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, 麻豆影院
2听Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, 麻豆影院
3听Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research
4听Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, 麻豆影院
5听Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, 麻豆影院
The risk of environmental contamination by oil and gas wells depends strongly on the frequency with which they lose integrity. Wells with compromised integrity typically exhibit pressure in their outermost annulus (surface casing pressure, SfCP) due to gas accumulation. SfCP is an easily measured but poorly documented gauge of well integrity. Here, we analyze SfCP data from the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission database to evaluate the frequency of well integrity loss in the Wattenberg Test Zone (WTZ), within the Wattenberg Field, Colorado. Deviated and horizontal wells were found to exhibit SfCP more frequently than vertical wells. We propose a physically meaningful well-specific critical SfCP criterion, which indicates the potential for a well to induce stray gas migration. We show that 270 of 3923 wells tested for SfCP in the WTZ exceeded critical SfCP. Critical SfCP is strongly controlled by the depth of the surface casing. Newer horizontal wells, drilled during the unconventional drilling boom, exhibited critical SfCP less frequently than other wells because they were predominantly constructed with deeper surface casings. Thus, they pose a lower risk for inducing stray gas migration than legacy vertical or deviated wells with surface casings shorter than modern standards.