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Isoprene, C₅H₈, is by far the most important biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emitted to Earth’s atmosphere.  It undergoes atmospheric oxidation during the day by OH, and by O₃and NO₃at night.  The NO₃oxidation represents one of the mechanisms by which anthropogenic pollution in the form of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) interacts with biogenic cycles and may be an efficient route to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from isoprene oxidation.  The SAPHIR chamber at the in Germany is a state-of-the-art facility for the investigation of atmospheric chemical mechanisms.  The 2018 study was a comprehensive investigation of the NO₃-Isoprene study to elucidate major oxidation pathways, peroxy radical chemistry, key reactive intermediates, and SOA.