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Bistability and Hopf Bifurcation in a Refined Model of the Acute Stage of HIV Infection Recent clinical studies have shown that HIV disease pathogenesis can depend strongly on many factors at the time of transmission, including the strength of the initial viral load and the local availability of CD4+ T-cells. To facilitate these new advances, we will describe a refined in-host model of HIV infection that incorporates the homeostatic proliferation of T-cells. Due to the effects of this biological process, the influence of initial conditions on the proliferation of HIV infection and the dynamics of the model is further elucidated. In particular, our study of the new model extends previous theoretical and computational work on the acute stage of the disease and leads to interesting nonlinear dynamics, including a parameter region featuring bistability of infectious and viral clearance equilibria and the appearance of a Hopf bifurcation within biologically relevant parameter regimes, which may be linked to the appearance of so-called "viral blips”

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