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Four aerospace PhD students earn NASA Fellowships

Jeff Zehnder — Mon, 11 Nov 2024 15:50:43 +0000

Four aerospace PhD students earn NASA Fellowships Jeff Zehnder Mon, 11/11/2024 - 08:50

Jeff Zehnder

Four �鶹ӰԺ aerospace graduate students have been named 2024 Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST).

Domenique Freund, Austin Smith, Gary Sutliff, and Hai-shuo Wang have each earned the grants, which provide up to $50,000 annually for three years to cover tuition, expenses, and student-designed research projects.

FINESST proposals must address goals relevant to NASA's science mission directorate divisions -- heliophysics, earth science, planetary science, or astrophysics.

Find out more about each of our awardees and their research below:

Domenique Freund

2nd Year PhD Student

Advisors: Lauren Blum and Zoltan Sternovsky
Lab: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

My research focuses on the dynamics of energetic particle populations within the magnetospheres of Earth and Jupiter. Specifically, it aims to investigate particle losses through atmospheric precipitation, analyzing spatial and temporal variations on both planets. On Earth, I primarily examine relativistic electrons and their role in rapid depletion events. In contrast, my work on Jupiter covers electrons, protons, and heavier ions, addressing a broad understanding of particle dynamics. Understanding these variations requires analyzing magnetic field strengths and the influence of factors such as solar storms, the geomagnetic state, and Jupiter’s moons. By comparing precipitation patterns and overall energy input into the atmospheres of Earth and Jupiter, this research helps to not only understand atmospheric dynamics but also uncovers similarities and differences between different magnetospheres.

Austin Smith

2nd Year PhD Student

Advisor: Zoltan Sternovsky
Lab: Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres, and Cosmic Dust (IMPACT)

My research aims to further our understanding of dust populations in the solar system using spacecraft (SC) instrumentation. As dust particles impact SC with high velocities, they ionize and their constituents expand outward in a plasma plume that is not fully characterized. This work is focused on improving the mass resolution and sensitivity of time-of-flight mass spectrometers (dust analyzers) by designing ion optics that mitigate resolution-limiting plasma effects. Additionally, research into other performance limiting effects will be pursued and characterized in order to mitigate limitations on future dust analyzer instruments.

Gary Sutliff

4th Year Phd Student

Advisor: Xinzhao Chu
Lab: Chu Research Group

My research focuses on developing new tools for studying the upper atmosphere, near-space environment, and coupling between the thermosphere and ionosphere. The research grant focuses on the development of a new calcium and calcium ion Doppler lidar system, simulating calcium ion spectroscopy and the performance of the new lidar system, and developing data processing techniques to extend the range of Doppler lidars. The proposed system is expected to allow for measuring neutral temperatures and winds to over 200 km and ion temperature and winds to over 300 km, and observe the energy coupling between them. Additionally, it is theorized that one of the formation mechanisms of the natural metal layers in the thermosphere is due to the recombination of metal ions, and this system could lead to direct observations of that process.

Hai-shuo Wang

3rd year PhD student

Advisor: Dan Scheeres
Lab: Celestial Spaceflight Mechanics Lab (CSML)

My research focuses on the upcoming close encounter of the asteroid (99942) Apophis with Earth in 2029, when Apophis will pass closer than geostationary satellites. The strong tidal forces exerted by Earth could alter the asteroid’s shape, particularly as radar observations suggest it is likely a contact binary with a loosely bound structure compared to a monolithic body. To explore this, I aim to simulate the potential shape changes using high-fidelity contact dynamics models.

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Boyd discusses Iron Dome with ABC News Australia

Jeff Zehnder — Fri, 01 Nov 2024 21:10:11 +0000

Boyd discusses Iron Dome with ABC News Australia Jeff Zehnder Fri, 11/01/2024 - 15:10

Iain Boyd discusses Israel's Iron Dome missile defense system in a feature article from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

Boyd, a professor in the Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, is a national security expert and also the director of the CU �鶹ӰԺ Center for National Security Initiatives.

The article outlines components of the Iron Dome system and how it has functioned over the last year during attacks from Hamas and Iran.

Read at ABC News Australia...

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Smead Aerospace recognizes 2024 Graduate Assistantships

Jeff Zehnder — Thu, 10 Oct 2024 15:24:00 +0000

Smead Aerospace recognizes 2024 Graduate Assistantships Jeff Zehnder Thu, 10/10/2024 - 09:24

Jeff Zehnder

Smead Aerospace recognized three students with graduate assistantships named for alumni and longtime faculty.

The Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences held a ceremony Sept. 24, celebrating the student honorees and commemorating each namesake for the assistantships.

Prof. George H. Born Graduate Assistantship

Recipient: Tommy Clark, 1st Year PhD Student
Advisor: Dan Scheeres

Tommy Clark's research is focused on data-driven methods and machine learning in astrodynamics. He hopes to use machine learning to better understand the space of trajectories in the three-body problem.

This assistantship is named in honor of George Born (1939-2016), who joined CU �鶹ӰԺ aerospace in 1985 and established Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research (CCAR), which he built into an internationally recognized organization, known for contributions to spacecraft guidance, control, and navigation; and remote sensing of the oceans and atmosphere with radar and lidar technology.

"Professor Born's assistantship is a great honor. He was a pioneer in the field and left an important legacy at CU and beyond. The assistantship has provided me the time and freedom to explore this research." - Clark

Photo: Thomas Clark and Carol Born.

Dr. Lisa Hardaway Graduate Assistantship

Recipient: Anant Telikicherla, 1st Year PhD Student
Advisor: Bob Marshall and Tom Woods

Anant Telikicherla's research is in the field of Heliophysics, with an emphasis on miniaturized small-satellite instruments that aim to address unresolved questions in the field. He aspires to conduct interdisciplinary research that integrates engineering optimization of space instruments with observational data analysis to investigate underlying space physics phenomena.

Lisa Hardaway (1966-2017) (AeroEngr PhD'00) was an industry trailblazer and active CU �鶹ӰԺ aerospace alumna. She spent 20-years at Ball Aerospace, playing critical roles on projects that advanced our knowledge of the universe – including New Horizons mission which took the first ever close up photos of Pluto.

"Receiving this assistantship motivates me to pursue cutting-edge space research. As an aspiring instrument scientist, I consider Dr. Lisa Hardaway, who led the development of multiple space instruments, including the RALPH instrument on NASA’s New Horizons mission, an exemplary role model." - Telikicherla

Photo: Telikicherla with the Hardaway family and friends and members of the New Horizons Team. (L-R) James Hardaway (AeroEngr BS'89 ArchEngr BS'89, CivEngr MS'91), Anant Telikicherla, Jaella Hardaway, Jeanette Domber (AeroEngr MS’99, PhD’04), Alan Stern (AeroEngr PhD'89), Elijah Lowe, and Cathy Olkin.

Captain William H. DuBois Graduate Assistantship

Recipient: Angela Wang, 1st Year PhD Student
Advisor: Jade Morton

Angela Wang's research is centered on the receiver signal processing part of remote sensing. With Prof. Jade Morton, Wang is working on processing signals of opportunity from low earth orbiting weather satellites to study ionospheric effects. In the years to come, she hopes to extend this work to more satellites and to study the troposphere as well.

Capt. William "Pyro" DuBois (AeroEngr BS'08) attended CU �鶹ӰԺ aerospace on an Air Force Scholarship. Following graduation, he completed F-16 training and was twice named the top fighter pilot in his class. He served in the 77th Fighter Squadron, and on Dec 1, 2014, his wingman’s F-16 developed mechanical issues. True to his character and leadership, Will was escorting his wingman safely back to base, when his own jet went down.

"I feel humbled to receive an award honoring Captain William Dubois. He was a person who seemed to live life to the fullest and it motivates me to do so here at CU �鶹ӰԺ both in and out of school. The assistantship's funding allows me to explore research topics of my interest for this year. Furthermore, it has given me extra flexibility to explore Colorado and my hobbies. I am so thankful for the assistantship and I will continue to make it worthwhile." - Wang

Photo: Angela Wang (center) with William DuBois' parents, Ham and Donna.

Your contributions help provide CU �鶹ӰԺ aerospace graduate assistantships.
Find out more about these and other opportunities to support tomorrow’s engineering workforce and the future of aerospace.

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Boyd discusses military drones with Kyiv Independent

Jeff Zehnder — Mon, 07 Oct 2024 20:03:38 +0000

Boyd discusses military drones with Kyiv Independent Jeff Zehnder Mon, 10/07/2024 - 14:03

Iain Boyd discusses military drone technology in a new interview with the Kyiv Independent.

The article outlines potential results of drone attack technology by Russia in its war against Ukraine.

Read the full article at the Kyiv Independent...

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Boyd interviewed on Iron Dome missile defense system

Jeff Zehnder — Wed, 02 Oct 2024 14:53:11 +0000

Boyd interviewed on Iron Dome missile defense system Jeff Zehnder Wed, 10/02/2024 - 08:53

Iain Boyd discusses Israel's Iron Dome missile defense system in a new interview with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

The interview follows attacks on Israel by Iran. Boyd outlined the response by Israel and allies and the potential for future upgrades to the country's missile defense system.

Watch at ABC News Australia...

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CU Engineering ranked as a top 5 aerospace program

Jeff Zehnder — Tue, 24 Sep 2024 14:54:02 +0000

CU Engineering ranked as a top 5 aerospace program Jeff Zehnder Tue, 09/24/2024 - 08:54

CU �鶹ӰԺ’s College of Engineering and Applied Science maintained a top 20 spot in U.S. News and World Report’s Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs rankings, coming in at No. 17 among its public institution peers for the third year in a row.

The most notable change in the engineering specialty rankings was in the aerospace / aeronautical / astronautical category, where CU �鶹ӰԺ’s aerospace engineering sciences degree jumped to No. 5 from No. 8 among public university peers.

The college’s Environmental Engineering Program also earned a top 10 public ranking, coming it at No. 9.

Five other programs were ranked in the top 20 among public peers:

Chemical engineering: No 11, up three spots from last year
Mechanical engineering: No. 17, up three spots from last year
Civil engineering: No. 15
Computer science: No. 16 (ranked in Best Undergraduate Computer Science Programs)
Electrical engineering: No. 16

The rankings were released on the U.S. News and World Report website on Sept. 24. Undergraduate rankings are based solely on the judgments of deans and senior faculty at peer institutions who participated in a peer assessment survey. Read more about the methodology.

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Giving high school students hands-on STEM experiences

Jeff Zehnder — Mon, 19 Aug 2024 16:23:32 +0000

Giving high school students hands-on STEM experiences Jeff Zehnder Mon, 08/19/2024 - 10:23

Jeff Zehnder

PhD student Kawther Rouabhi helping two high school students troubleshoot their camera.

Roaming outdoors with homemade multispectral cameras, high school students are getting a hands-on look at engineering remote sensing.

Tomoko Matsuo, an associate professor in the Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences at the �鶹ӰԺ, is leading a special summer program giving 9th-12th graders a unique STEM experience.

“They’re going through a whole arc: building an instrument, a field campaign, data collection,” Matsuo said. “It’s great to be with these aspiring young students. They’re so curious.”

The module was developed as part of Matsuo’s National Science Foundation CAREER Award grant. This year it is offered as part of a CU Science Discovery Camp, an educational outreach program designed to connect public audiences with the STEM research happening at CU �鶹ӰԺ. Roughly two dozen teens are participating in the activity as part of a weeklong program exploring different aspects of science and engineering.

Matsuo’s day-to-day research is in remote sensing, the science of investigating aspects of the earth and space environment from a distance, typically using instruments aboard aircraft or satellites. It often involves monitoring conditions not visible to the naked eye. The teens in the camp are getting a basic primer with more easily accessible technology – digital cameras.

But these are not off-the-shelf Nikons. The project involves assembling do-it-yourself cameras consisting of an ultra-tiny Raspberry Pi Linux computer, batteries, a camera lens, and special multi-spectral filters to see beyond visible light into the UV and infrared spectrum.

Two high school students testing their multispectral camera on objects in nature.

While humans cannot perceive such light under ordinary circumstances, some animals and insects can. The camera makes it possible to view how the world appears through those eyes.

Assisting with the lesson was recent PhD graduate John Marino (ElEngr MS’16, AeroEngr PhD’24), who saw the project as an opportunity to build excitement for science and engineering.

“I hope one of the kids comes away learning something they didn’t know and wanting to know more. It’s nice to be able to generate programs like this for kids,” Marino said.

The camera originated as a personal side project of Marino’s. After demonstrating the technology to Matsuo and the ability to see things in UV and infrared, they adapted it into an educational module.

“I just wanted to see if I could build a multi-spectral camera for fun, but Tomoko saw the potential as an enrichment activity,” Marino said.

The experience included more than just assembling and using the camera. Kawther Rouabhi, a third-year aerospace PhD student led the teens step by step through one of her favorite activities: programming.

“They’re building the cameras, learning a little bit about their inner workings, and getting hands-on experience with the Linux command line and Python. Everything that makes it work. My first experience with programming was when I was about their age, and I really like solving problems this way,” Rouabhi said.

As a student in Matsuo’s lab, Rouabhi spends much of her time analyzing remote sensing data with machine learning, but she is thrilled to share her knowledge with teens.

“These types of programs were very important for me to get excited about STEM as a young person,” she said. “I want to make things like this more accessible. It’s been a passion of mine for as long as I can remember. Working with teens, they’re all super motivated and excited. It’s really fun.”

CU �鶹ӰԺ’s Science Discovery Camps are an annual series of weeklong summer programs open to K-12 students. Find out more at the Science Discovery website.

PhD graduate John Marino working with two high school students in the lab.

Prof. Matsuo helping two camp attendees with their camera.

Roaming outdoors with homemade multispectral cameras, high school students are getting a hands-on look at engineering remote sensing...

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Three aerospace students earn major Defense fellowships

Anonymous — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 15:33:36 +0000

Three aerospace students earn major Defense fellowships Anonymous (not verified) Mon, 07/22/2024 - 09:33

Jeff Zehnder

Three �鶹ӰԺ aerospace PhD students have earned prestigious 2024 National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowships.

Vicki Hurd, Sarah Kinney, and Ryan Menges have each been awarded the Department of Defense honor, which provides three year fellowships to promising young scientists and engineers.

The program, established by Congress in 1989, provides fellowships to up to 500 people across the United States annually and is designed to promote education in science and engineering disciplines relevant to the Department of Defense.

Find out more about our honorees and their research below.

Vicki Hurd

3rd Year PhD Student

Advisor: Allie Hayman
Lab: Bioastronautics Lab

My research will develop venous gas emboli (VGE) detection algorithms and characterize the impact of signal degradation and motion artifacts on detector performance to establish the foundation for a wearable ultrasound extravehicular activity (EVA) VGE monitor. It is currently unknown how VGE form over time and relate to the onset of decompression sickness. Recent advances in ultrasound transducers could enable long-term, continuous monitoring, transforming our understanding of decompression sickness and providing a means to monitor astronaut VGE levels during EVA. This will be critical as future exploration missions emphasize increased EVA frequency, duration, and number of transitions between pressurized environments. I will develop and validate sound-based and image-based ultrasound VGE detection algorithms and generate novel performance metrics for each, establish algorithmic means of synthesizing decompression sickness data, characterize algorithm performance under degraded signal conditions, and assess how motion artifacts influence VGE detection abilities. Autonomous detection of VGE levels in the circulatory system via wearable ultrasound would prove monumental in the foundational understanding of decompression sickness and would serve as a direct strategy to predict and mitigate decompression sickness during surface EVA.

Hurd is a 2024 awardee of both the NDSEG and a NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Opportunities (NSTGRO) fellowowship. Program rules allow honorees to receive only one. She has chosen the NSTGRO.

Sarah Kinney

1st Year PhD Student

Advisors: Iain Boyd and John Evans
Labs: Nonequilibrium Gas and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory (NGPDL) and Computational Mechanics and Geometry Laboratory (CMGLab)

Aerodynamic heating is a critical design challenge for hypersonic vehicles due to the complex relationships between material ablation and chemical kinetics, which significantly impacts fluid dynamics. These complex relationships make modeling and predicting aerodynamic heating and flow separation in hypersonic conditions particularly difficult. Reproducing these conditions in wind tunnels is often impractical or prohibitively expensive, and flight tests are even more costly. As a result, hypersonic vehicle testing is often limited to wind tunnel experiments with limited fidelity and scope. My research aims to develop a reduced-order model that accounts for tunnel facility noise and other fluid-structure interactions in hypersonic environments. The goal of this model is to integrate data from lower fidelity hypersonic tests, providing a more cost-effective approach to correlating these results with those from higher fidelity tests. Ultimately, this work seeks to enhance the accuracy and affordability of hypersonic vehicle testing and development. Photo Credit: Leighton Jack

Ryan Menges

1st Year PhD Student

Advisor: Daniel Scheeres
Lab: Celestial Spaceflight Mechanics Lab (CSML)

Ryan Menges is a first-year PhD student working with Dr. Daniel Scheeres in the Celestial Spaceflight Mechanics Lab (CSML). His research lies at the intersection of dynamical systems theory and spacecraft navigation. In his current work, he is developing semi-analytical methods for spacecraft state propagation and navigation in cislunar space utilizing high-fidelity dynamical models. Ryan is particularly interested in enabling advanced spacecraft autonomy.

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Five PhD students earn 2024 NASA fellowships

Anonymous — Wed, 17 Jul 2024 14:56:03 +0000

Five PhD students earn 2024 NASA fellowships Anonymous (not verified) Wed, 07/17/2024 - 08:56

Jeff Zehnder

Five PhD students in the Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences are being recognized with 2024 NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Opportunities (NSTGRO) fellowships.

The annual program sponsors graduate students who show significant potential to contribute to NASA’s goal of creating innovative new space technologies for our nation’s science, exploration and economic future.

Program recipients perform space technology research at their university campuses and at NASA Centers.

NSTGRO honorees receive research funding and are matched with a technically relevant NASA subject matter expert, who serves as a research collaborator.

Smead Aerospace students have had strong representation in this program, with 25 winners over the past five years.

Read below for more information about each 2024 honoree and their research.

Kristen Ahner

2nd Year PhD Student

Advisors: Daniel Scheeres and Jay McMahon
Labs: Celestial Spaceflight Mechanics Lab (CSML) and the Orbital Research Cluster for Celestial Applications (ORCCA) Laboratory

My research focuses on high-fidelity uncertainty propagation techniques and their incorporation into robust spacecraft guidance to enable autonomous mission execution for space exploration. As complex dynamics cause errors to grow over time and drive a spacecraft to deviate from its orbit and planned maneuvers, corrective guidance algorithms must adaptively re-optimize the spacecraft thrust maneuvers to reach target states and achieve mission goals, such as precise science observations or strict orbit accuracy. I aim to advance the state of the art by combining stochastic control approaches to uncertainty with nonlinear chance constraints in the cislunar region and planetary exploration environments.

Vicki Hurd

3rd Year PhD Student

Advisor: Allie Hayman
Lab: Bioastronautics Lab

This research will develop venous gas emboli (VGE) detection algorithms and characterize the impact of signal degradation and motion artifacts on detector performance to establish the foundation for a wearable ultrasound extravehicular activity (EVA) VGE monitor. It is currently unknown how VGE form over time and relate to the onset of decompression sickness. Recent advances in ultrasound transducers could enable long-term, continuous monitoring, transforming our understanding of decompression sickness and providing a means to monitor astronaut VGE levels during EVA. This will be critical as future exploration missions emphasize increased EVA frequency, duration, and number of transitions between pressurized environments. I will develop and validate sound-based and image-based ultrasound VGE detection algorithms and generate novel performance metrics for each, establish algorithmic means of synthesizing decompression sickness data, characterize algorithm performance under degraded signal conditions, and assess how motion artifacts influence VGE detection abilities. Autonomous detection of VGE levels in the circulatory system via wearable ultrasound would prove monumental in the foundational understanding of decompression sickness and would serve as a direct strategy to predict and mitigate decompression sickness during surface EVA.

Hurd is a 2024 awardee of both the NSTGRO and the Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. Program rules allow honorees to receive only one. She has chosen the NSTGRO.

Max Joyner

2nd Year PhD Student

Advisor: Natasha Bosanac
Lab: Bosanac Group

While orbital rendezvous between spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO) has become routine, the sensitive and chaotic gravitational dynamics of multi-body environments present additional challenges that need to be addressed for more ambitious exploration missions such as NASA's Artemis program. My research aims to help bridge this gap through developing a new approach for rapidly designing safe spacecraft trajectories for far-range approach and then close-range rendezvous in a multi-body system using motion primitives. This process will involve constructing two libraries of motion primitives for each domain, assessing them using a safety metric adapted from heritage LEO indices, building a hybrid motion primitive graph to construct initial guesses, and refining these guesses through a corrections problem to produce safe and efficient rendezvous trajectories.

Joyner is a 2024 awardee of both the NSTGRO and the Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. Program rules allow honorees to receive only one. He has chosen the NSTGRO.

Andrew Morell

3rd Year PhD Student

Advisor: Hanspeter Schaub
Lab: Autonomous Vehicle Systems (AVS) Laboratory

Andrew’s research aims to (quite literally) close the gap between what we know about spacecraft dynamics before and after their docking, focusing on spacecraft contact dynamics for in-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing (ISAM). Andrew is studying the use of impulse-based dynamics to create a generalized contact dynamics model for spacecraft using the Basilisk Simulation Framework. Currently, grappling in space relies on overengineered hardware to succeed in physically capturing another vehicle, but a full understanding of the contact dynamics can enable future sample return, on-orbit refueling, assembly of large space structures, and more by enabling advanced guidance algorithms for docking.

Tomaz Remec

3rd Year PhD Student

Advisor: Hisham Ali
Lab: Magnetoaerodynamics and Aerospace Plasmas Laboratory

The objective of Tomaz’s research is to provide foundational experimental data on the behavior of high-speed plasma flows such as those generated during planetary entry in the presence of applied magnetic fields and the characterization of resultant forces with the goal of advancing low TRL technologies to enable more capable, cost-effective planetary exploration missions. The extreme aerothermal environment experienced during hypersonic flight creates the conditions for significant dissociation and ionization of atmospheric gases. These ions and free electrons then constitute a conductive fluid which, when in the presence of a magnetic field, will admit a current and produce an associated magnetic field due to the Lorentz force. Leveraging of these magnetohydrodynamic interactions by novel technologies could expand capabilities of current thermal protection schemes, however, reliable experimental data on said interactions in planetary entry relevant plasma flows is extremely limited. This research will provide high quality, well-validated results utilizing several new inductively coupled plasma tunnel facilities in the Magnetoaerodynamics and Aerospace Plasmas Laboratory, and the results will enhance our understanding of magnetohydrodynamic interactions in hypersonic plasma flows and will directly contribute to the development of innovative technologies that will augment the performance capabilities of scientific missions to other worlds.

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Axelrad awarded 2024 Yvonne C. Brill Lectureship in Aerospace Engineering

Anonymous — Thu, 11 Jul 2024 06:00:00 +0000

Axelrad awarded 2024 Yvonne C. Brill Lectureship in Aerospace Engineering Anonymous (not verified) Thu, 07/11/2024 - 00:00

The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) have announced that Penina Axelrad, distinguished professor at the �鶹ӰԺ, has been selected as the recipient of the 2024 Yvonne C. Brill Lectureship in Aerospace Engineering.

Dr. Axelrad will present her lecture, “The Evolution and Impact of Global Navigation Satellite Systems,” on Tuesday, Oct. 1, at 11 a.m. ET, in conjunction with the NAE Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. Registration for this lecture is free and open to the public.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide the basis for smartphones to effectively guide us to our destinations, safe and flexible navigation for tens of thousands of airline flights per day, seamless synchronization of power grids, and precise timing of financial transactions. GNSS also enable scientific observation of Earth’s variable gravity field, soil water content and vegetation, and even Earth’s atmosphere and ocean surface winds.

Dr. Axelrad’s lecture will discuss what we can learn from the remarkable evolution of a military navigation system into a global utility, and will explore where today’s advances in the utilization of signals-of-opportunity, optical communications, atomic clocks, and quantum sensing might lead.

Read full article at AIAA...

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